As a nation, we have a special responsibility to vulnerable populations such as the elderly. Older Americans have built the economy and national infrastructure from which we now benefit. Raised during the Great Depression, they went on to defend our freedom in the Second World War and won the cold war. America's older citizens have rightly been called the "greatest generation." It is morally reprehensible that the people that built this country should suffer hunger in a land of plenty, which they helped to create. Food insecurity among this vulnerable population is especially troublesome because they have unique nutritional needs and may require special diets for medical conditions. In February 2006, Feeding America released its fourth and most comprehensive study of hunger in the U.S.: Hunger in America 2006 [i].
The following are some key findings from the study regarding the elderly in our country:
- Nearly 3 million elderly persons are served by Feeding America each year. 21.5 percent of client households have at least one member who is age 65 or over, and 52 percent of these households are food insecure - an estimated 1.2 million households.
- Among all clients served by Feeding America, 10 percent were seniors age 65 or over while 17.3 percent of adult clients interviewed at emergency feeding programs were 65 or older.
- Among client households with seniors, 27.4 percent are served by emergency feeding programs in center cities, 25 percent in suburban areas, and 18.1 percent in rural areas.
- Among all client households with at least one senior, 11.7 percent use senior brown bag programs, 18.3 percent attend senior nutrition sites (such as senior centers that serve lunch) and 5.7 percent receive home-delivered meals or meals-on-wheels.
- 28.7 percent of client households with seniors indicated that they have had to choose between food and medical care and 31 percent had to choose between food and paying for heat/utilities.
Other Facts:
- 6.5 percent of households with seniors (1.7 million households) were food insecure. [ii].
- 9.7 percent of the elderly live below the poverty line, 3.6 million older Americans [iii].
- The rate of food insecurity among elderly households with incomes at or below 130 percent of the poverty line is 20.7 percent [iv].
- Elderly households are much less likely to receive help through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) than non-elderly households, even when expected benefits are roughly the same [v].
- Seniors require greater consideration towards their health and medical needs that can become compromised when there is not enough food to eat. A study which examined the health and nutritional status of seniors found that food insecure seniors had significantly lower intakes of vital nutrients in their diets when compared to their food secure counterparts. In addition, food insecure seniors were 2.33 times more likely to report fair/poor health status and had higher nutritional risk [vi].
- For seniors, protecting oneself from food insecurity and hunger is more difficult than for the general population. For example, a study that focused on the experience of food insecurity among the elderly population found that food insecure seniors sometimes had enough money to purchase food but did not have the resources to access or prepare food due to lack of transportation, functional limitations, or health problems [vii].
[i] Mathematica Policy Research. Feeding America. Hunger in America 2006. February 2006.
[ii] Nord, Mark, M. Andrews, S. Carlson. United States Department of Agriculture/Economic Research Service. Household Food Security in the United States, 2007. (ERR-49) November 2008.
[iii] DeNavas-Walt, Carmen, B.D. Proctor, C.H. Lee. U.S. Census Bureau. Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2007. August 2008.
[iv] Nord, Mark, M. Andrews, S. Carlson. United States Department of Agriculture/Economic Research Service. Household Food Security in the United States, 2007. (ERR-49) November 2008.
[v] United States Department of Agriculture/Office of Analysis, Nutrition, and Evaluation. Elderly Participation and the Minimum Benefit. November 2002.
[vi] Lee JS, Frongillo, Jr. EA. Nutritional and health consequences are associated with food insecurity among U.S. elderly persons. J. Nutr. 131: 1503-1509, 2001
[vii] Wolfe WS, Frongillo EA, Valois P. Understanding the experience of food insecurity by elders suggests ways to improve its measurement. J. Nutr. 133:2762-2769, 2003.